Lyle Rexer

Lyle Rexer is the author of many books, including How to Look at Outsider Art (2005), The Edge of Vision: The Rise of Abstraction in Photography (2009) and The Critical Eye: 15 Pictures to Understand Photography (2019). The Book of Crow, his first work of fiction, parts of which first appeared in the Brooklyn Rail, has recently been published by Spuyten Duyvil Press.

For me, Gober’s art works best when the associations it provokes are intimate and uncomfortable but not obviously so.

Robert Gober, Untitled, 1990–2025. Aluminum, wood, clay, plaster, copper, epoxy putty, handmade paper, pewter, brass, glass, acrylic and oil paint, pastel, LED lights, and string. 38 × 38 × 23 ⅜ inches. © Robert Gober. Courtesy Matthew Marks Gallery.

A city, any city, is the sum of its representations. If I say the word Naples, no discussion of its municipal budgets, housing scarcity, and overtourism can displace the folklore, urban legends, lies, scabrous historical half-truths, and fictions that gather in the word.

Naples: Black Holes

To appreciate what Bill Armstrong has done in this luminous mini-retrospective, we need to geek out a bit on the origins of photographic blur.

Bill Armstrong, Darshan #1901, 2023. Archival pigment print. © Bill Armstrong. Courtesy CLAMP, New York.

 In six rooms at Prada, Iñárritu arranged anywhere from one to three 35-millimeter film projectors, running footage he had spliced together and given new soundtracks, often ambient or other soundscapes.

Installation view: Sueño Perro: Instalación Celuloide de Alejandro G. Iñárritu, Fondazione Prada, Milan, 2026. Photo: DSL Studio – Delfino Sisto Legnani and Melania Dalle Grave. Courtesy Fondazione Prada.

“Many so-called tricks of today become the truths of tomorrow,” wrote Man Ray (1890–1976) in his autobiography. Indeed they do, and nowhere more than in the domain of photography, whose practitioners are constantly coming up with new ways (and reasons) to do old things.

Man Ray, Le baiser, 1922. Rayograph. © Man Ray 2015 Trust, by SIAE 2025.

As Welsh writer and novelist Arthur Machen (1863–1947) related long after the fact, when he sat down to write the novel The Hill of Dreams, he had already published two works of fiction that had repelled some critics for their “decadent” and supernatural themes, but had earned him at least a following, including praise from Oscar Wilde.

Arthur Machen’s The Hill of Dreams

Isaac Wright’s first exhibition in New York City introduced dramatic photographs into the white cube that usually have no place there but are tremendously popular, for a variety of reasons.

Drift, Don’t Fear the Reaper, 2023. Archival pigment print. © Drift. Courtesy Robert Mann Gallery.

Hal Hirshorn (1965–2025) was probably better known for his presence in the art world than for his work. He was a photographer and painter, a thinker and a raconteur. Isaac Aden, who knew him well toward the end of his life, when he passed away suddenly, organized this exhibition at Ethan Cohen’s two New York galleries.

Hal Hirshorn, Untitled, oil on canvas, c. 1990–2015. Courtesy Ethan Cohen Gallery. Photo: Weston Andrews.

For reasons that should be obvious, Galán came to New York from Mexico in the early 1980s and became a figure in the downtown scene, mingling with Basquiat, Warhol, and Clemente, among others. I vaguely remembered his name from Annina Nosei Gallery, where he had several shows, but Galán left New York to return to Monterrey and did not leave a significant trace.

Julio Galán, Sí y no, 1990. Acrylic and collage on canvas (Diptych), 120 1/8 x 203 1/8 inches. © Julio Galán. Courtesy the Galán family, kurimanzutto, Mexico City/New York, and Luhring Augustine, New York. Photo: Farzad Owrang.

From the book, we might expect a love letter steeped in nostalgia, “mi Buenos Aires querido,” as the tango goes. Or a nationalistic reprise of ambition and expansion. But Alfredo Srur’s own photographic practice of stark realism impels him to give us what Olds saw, unlaundered.

H.G. Olds: Espejos de Plata / Silver Mirrors

Cleared of visitors, the small space at Ethan Cohen gave me the strangest of sensations. I felt that I had been transported into the Greek and Roman wing of the Metropolitan but that it had become a dream version of itself. Something was being deeply channeled through Emil Alzamora’s exhibition, Dulce Compañía (Sweet Company), and it was not simply a matter of the references these superb sculptures made to embalmed traditions.

Emil Alzamora, Goldface 4, 2024. Ceramic, bronze glaze, epoxy: 26 1/4 x 17 1/2 x 10 in. © Emil Alzamora. Courtesy Ethan Cohen Gallery.

Lyle Rexer writes about Franne Davids known as Franne, who was born in Connecticut in 1950.  By the late seventies, she was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia. The basement of her parents' house became her studio, and she immersed herself in painting. At her death in 2022, Franne Davids left behind forty-two large paintings on canvas and some 550 works on paper. By happenstance or providence, depending on your view of the universe, this legacy came to the attention of Frank Maresca, an expert and dealer in outsider art.

Franne Davids, Untitled, ca. 1979–2018. Oil on canvas. 40 x 54 inches. Courtesy of Ricco/Maresca.

In this single room, it was possible to grasp how he could work this meager material for so many years. The variety was potentially infinite. Contrary to the title of the exhibition, time was not suspended in that room; it was constructed and explored, a medium like the paint itself.

Giorgio Morandi, Natura morta, 1927. Oil on canvas, 12 3/5 × 16 1/2 inches. Courtesy The Lambrecht-Schadeberg Collection, Museum für Gegenwartskunst Siegen. Photo: Daniele Molajoli.

It's a fifty-four year retrospective that is as eye-popping as it is anomalous. It leaves out the entire torso of Way’s career and leaps from the feet to the head, so to speak, from the early 1970s directly to now.

Installation view: Jeff Way: Then & Now: 1970–2024 at Storage Gallery, 2024. Courtesy Storage.

A retrospective of work by Italian artist Carla Accardi (1924–2014) is making the old bones dance in Rome. Accardi stayed fresh and curious throughout her career, and Triplice Tenda (1969–71), the tent-like, Plexiglas structure, was only the most obvious example.

Carla Accardi, Triplice tenda, 1969-1971. Centre Pompidou, Parigi. Musée national d'art moderne / Centre de création industrielle, Acquisizione 2005. © Centre Pompidou / Musée national d'art moderne / Centre de création industrielle / RMN-Grand Palais / Georges Meguerditchian/ Dist. Photo SCALA, Firenze.
I came to appraise and stayed to pray. Such an opening could mark the confession of a reformed apostate or converted heathen, and what happened to me at Sean Kelly Gallery was such a transformation. One of the perils of being associated (by others) with a movement—in this case the so-called Pictures Generation—is that work itself becomes the illustration of a putative thesis and thus loses its particularity.
James Casebere, Stairs, 2023. Framed UV print on Dibond, 72 x 84 3/16 inches (unframed), 74 3/4 x 86 15/16 x 2 1/4 inches (framed). © James Casebere. Courtesy the artist and Sean Kelly, New York/Los Angeles.
In its inaugural exhibition, 71 Contemporary has set a high bar of elegance, concision, and ambition. Curated by Alaina Claire Feldman, this overview of the work of Laszlo Moholy-Nagy, comprising drawings, paintings, photomontages, films, sculptures, prints, and photographs, amounts to a condensed version of the massive Guggenheim exhibition that took place eight years ago, but with many pieces not included.
László Moholy-Nagy: Radiant Exposure
Those of a certain age will recall having spent hours reading to smaller people, with a mixture of boredom, fascination, and amusement, the illustrated stories of Beatrix Potter (1866–1943). But for the children listening and looking, the impact of these beast fables—about the doings of Peter Rabbit, Jeremy Fisher, and Benjamin Bunny, among others—will likely have been more profound than any reading that came later, especially if accompanied by the stories of Potter’s English fellow travelers from about the same period: A. A. Milne with Winnie the Pooh and Kenneth Grahame with Wind in the Willows.
Beatrix Potter, Mrs Rabbit pouring out the tea for Peter while her children look on, 1902–07. Linder Bequest. Museum no. BP.468. ©Victoria  and Albert Museum, London. Courtesy Frederick Warne & Co. Ltd.
The first extensive presentation of a large and relatively little-known body of Garry Winogrand’s photography. Peeling back any nostalgia for Kodachrome, this is where the photographer’s vision still seems fresh and open, with an aesthetic reveling that can’t be attributed to the socio-political discourse of street photography or for that matter to a lonely existentialist view of the artist.
Winogrand Color
Hannelore Baron (1926–1987) used paper as the foundation for a vulnerable art, one that redeemed ordinary materials and reconfigured language in ways that offered the possibility of other meanings.
Hannelore Baron, Untitled (C82358), 1982. Mixed media collage with fabric, paper, ink and monoprint, 20 x 15 1/4 inches. © Estate of Hannelore Baron. Courtesy of Michael Rosenfeld Gallery LLC, New York, NY.
An-My Lê’s photographs, whether in black and white from her early projects or in more recent large-format color, are measured and precise. They feel far more restrained and “objective” than the most conventional documentary work. But behind them I sense the constant tension of someone using the camera as a tool of immense strength and control, to gain purchase on difficult emotions.
An-My Lê, Sniper II, from the series "Small Wars," 1999–2002. © 2022 An-My Lê. Courtesy the artist and Marian Goodman Gallery.
In the world of conceptual art, there are good ideas, bad ideas, and then there are Minujín’s ideas. Perhaps the most impressive thing about this survey of Argentinian Marta Minujín is that many of those ideas were actually realized—mostly in a place that New York critics hadn’t been paying much attention to until recently, Buenos Aires.
Marta Minujín, Para hacer el amor inadvertidamente (For Making Love Inconspicuously), 2010. Acrylic, tempera, and lacquer on mattress fabric with foam rubber, 94 × 135 × 30 inches. The Speyer Family Collection, New York. © Marta Minujín, courtesy of Henrique Faria, New York and Herlitzka & Co., Buenos Aires.
Jack Pierson is one of the artists who has turned photography back to its roots and made it personal. Even as his work has celebrated mass media and the icons of popular culture and gay life—images in widespread circulation—it has awakened a poignancy and nostalgia at the heart of even the most commercial images.
Portait of Jack Pierson. Pencil on paper by Phong H. Bui.
The death this July of the novelist Juan Alonso constitutes a great loss to American letters and to me personally. I first met Juan Alonso more than forty years ago. I had just read his fourth novel, Althea (The Divorce of Adam and Eve), published by the Fiction Collective, and intended to review it. It seemed then (and still seems) the great novel of the 1970s I had been waiting for. That review was never published, but I did make a pilgrimage to Boston to meet him (as I recall) outside the Harvard Club.
Juan Alonso
A poignant sense of presence and transience, Guest Register is a black-and-white postcard from another time, or maybe a love letter to a Los Angeles that no longer exists. The thirty-four full-page photographic portraits are a deeply affectionate slice of 1970s period life.
Penny Wolin's Guest Register
This is a book about money disguised as a memoir. Or an exhibition about photography and memory disguised as a book that is really an analysis of money. Or a book of appropriated and other images and stories heavily nostalgic for almost everything—including and especially money.
Carla Zaccagnini's Cuentos de Cuentas
Given the preamble to this delayed exhibition, it is best just to start at the very center, with a single work, and make our way out by stages to the issues swirling around specific images that, when they were originally shown, prompted a different kind of controversy and a different kind of canceling.
Philip Guston, Painting, Smoking, Eating, 1973. Oil on canvas. Collection Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam. © The Estate of Philip Guston. Courtesy Hauser & Wirth and the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.
I remember very well the first works I saw of yours, in a private showing, “Icons of Light,” as you called them. They were photographs of paintings, shot at an angle so that the reflected light wiped out the image. These were framed as paintings then hung on the wall. These “icons” gave back nothing except the absence of a picture, and yet they provoked a desire to see beyond this instant of blindness. Is this fundamental to your approach to photography, that it can be made to disclose and withhold at the same time?
Silvio Wolf, Icon of Light 01, 1993. Cibachrome, enamels, shaped laminated foam. 130 x 135 x 4 cm.
The unfinished, epic series of narrative poems, Crow: from the Life and Songs of Crow, served as a repository for Ted Hughes’s grieving and guilt. As a locus of bereavement, the Crow poems made intuitive sense as a shadow text for Max Porter’s Grief is the Thing with Feathers and, here, for Lyle Rexer’s picaresque that attempts to make sense of the past two years. This excerpt comes from two short stories, “The Last of Crow” and “Crow in the Time of Cholera.” Playful absurdity emerges with the crow’s-eye view, and there’s much to be enjoyed in the trickster experience of corvid covid.
Everything Muniz does is personal, that is, all his work reflects a distinctive attitude toward images and their production, but Scraps may be as close to a psychic confession as we are likely to get.
Vik Muniz, Oklahoma, Scraps, 2020. Archival inkjet print, 50 1/2 x 71 inches. © Vik Muniz. Courtesy Sikkema Jenkins & Co., New York.
This conversation for the Brooklyn Rail’s New Social Environment series brings together several people connected to the recent exhibition of drawings by the self-taught artist Joseph Yoakum at the Museum of Modern Art. The exhibition represents a landmark in contemporary efforts to bring to a wider public the work of this remarkable American artist.
Joseph E. Yoakum, pencil on paper by Phong H. Bui.
Yoakum’s landscapes have been well-known in the world of folk and outsider art for four decades, but their enfranchisement by the larger art world has taken longer, even though the work of this Chicago artist was recognized and collected by a group of trained artists in the same city almost as soon as it appeared in the 1960s.
Joseph E. Yoakum, Grizzly Gulch Valley Ohansburg Vermont, n.d. Black ballpoint pen and watercolor on paper. 7 7/8 x 9 7/8 inches. Gift of the Raymond K. Yoshida Living Trust and Kohler Foundation, Inc. Photo: Robert Gerhardt.
Fritz Vogt, an itinerant renderer who worked in five counties west of Albany, left behind hundreds of drawings in graphite and colored pencil that give a glimpse of a world that no longer exists, when towns were growing and farming was prosperous.
Fritz G. Vogt, Residence of Mr. and Mrs. William Garlock, Town of Canajoharie, NY, October 6, 1894. Graphite on paper. Collection of the Arkell Museum, anonymous gift, 1998.
This revolution is the insertion into the archive of a very large group of women photographers, many of whom have been virtually unknown to contemporary viewers.
Florestine Perrault Collins, Portrait of Mae Fuller Keller, early 1920s. Gelatin silver print14 x 11 inches. Collection of Dr. Arthé A. Anthony.
In their first solo gallery exhibition in the United States, English artists John Wood and Paul Harrison arrive just in time and too late.
John Wood and Paul Harrison, Pencil/Sharpener, 2015. Sharpener with pencil. Courtesy Cristin Tierney, New York.
Is there such a thing as outsider photography? The term “outsider” has come to mean either self-taught, outside the art establishment or, in the more extreme version, cut off from many forms of social intercourse by mental illness or incarceration.
Albert Moser, Untitled, 1993. Color prints, adhesive tape, and pen, 9 x 48 inches. Collection Edward V. Blanchard Jr. Photo courtesy Institute 193, Lexington and Gallerie Christian Berst Art Brut. © Albert Moser.
From a distance of decades, it’s easier to see Judd’s veiled polemic for what it was: opinion masquerading as analysis and intuition supported primarily by his own practice. At the same distance, through two major exhibitions, it’s possible to see and feel intensely what Judd accomplished.
Donald Judd, Untitled, 1986. © Judd Foundation / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York. Courtesy Judd Foundation and David Zwirner.
For more than 40 years, Jim Shaw has been a guide to the American optical unconscious, exploiting and exploring the popular forms of representation that have shaped many Americans’ perception of everything from nuclear war and organized religion to sex and domesticity—and, it almost goes without saying, beauty.
Drawing by W. Mark Shaw for the Famous Artists Correspondence School with instructor critiques. Courtesy the artist and Metro Pictures, New York.
A Vermont native, Aiken mastered a luminous color palette, often composed from colored pencils, that could evoke the seasonal landscape with vivid freshness.
Gayleen Aiken, “Cousins Gawleen” and “Butter Cup” dancing slowly by the nickelodeon playing, 1966. Colored pencil, ballpoint pen, and crayon on paper. 9 x 12 inches. Courtesy the artist and Fort Gansevoort.
Dawoud Bey speaks with Lyle Rexer about his life, influences, and deep thinking around portraiture and landscape photography.
Dawoud Bey. Pencil on Paper by Phong H. Bui
In The Americans, Robert Frank may have appeared as a revolutionary photographer, but beyond The Americans, the real revolution in photography was taking place elsewhere.
Robert Frank, Parade - Hoboken, New Jersey, 1955. © Andrea Frank Foundation, from The Americans
Although the exhibition at Ricco/Maresca contains mostly smaller works on paper—drawings and gouaches—it may be the most revealing presentation about the motives of this prolific artist. It is illuminating as well, not only about Grimes but also about the strategies of a range of artists on the visionary spectrum, from Alfred Jensen and his obsession with Mexican pyramids to Johannes Itten, who founded the Bauhaus design program, to Emery Blagdon, the outsider who created a barn full of healing machines.
Ken Grimes, Alien Mothership, 2019. Ink on paper, 12 x 9 inches. Courtesy Ricco/Maresca, New York.
Luis Camnitzer’s work has always confounded me with the way it speaks so critically while assimilating seamlessly into architectural space, including the quasi-sacred but increasingly consumer-friendly temple of the museum and the white cube gallery.
Luis Camnitzer, El Mirador, 1996. Mixed media, Dimensions variable. Courtesy Alexander Gray Associates, New York; Galería Parra & Romero, Madrid. © Luis Camnitzer/Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York.
It was upsetting and exhilarating in equal measure to see a selection of those paintings extracted from the detritus of Kelley’s sprawling artistic career and made to stand for something important in the cold confines of Hauser & Wirth. Separated from the stuffed animals, videos, sculptures, and architectural models that crowded MoMA PS1 a few years ago, Kelley’s paintings become an uncomfortable retrospective, inevitably shadowed by the artist’s suicide in 2012.
Mike Kelley, Untitled 2, 2008–09. Acrylic on wood panels, 96 x 249 1/2 x 5 inches. © Mike Kelley Foundation for the Arts. All Rights Reserved/VAGA at ARS, NY. Courtesy the Foundation and Hauser & Wirth.
Alzamora’s sculpture, concept meets craft at a very high level, a union as rare as the teeth of the proverbial hen. With the general de-skilling of art and the rise of conceptual strategies, which have gone hand-in-hand since the early 1960s, it has been too little noted that what amounts to an old-fashioned, Henry-Fordish division of labor has taken over in the art world.
Emil Alzamora, "Untitled" (2009). Group of six figures each approx 9 inches high. Courtesy of Artbreak Gallery.
Several years ago in conversation, Sally Mann said that once she adopted the wet collodion process for taking photographs, she became aware of making “graven images.” This exhibition is her most vivid demonstration of the truth of that idea.
"Hephaestus" (2008). Gelatin silver print. 15 x 13½ inches (38.1 x 34.3 cm). Ed. of 5. Courtesy of Gagosian Gallery.
There is a story about how Bonnard, as he grew older, became increasingly obsessed with the juxtaposition of color, to such a degree that when he was working with a pigment, he would walk among his canvases and see where the color might be applied in anything he was doing, to get just the effects he was after.
"Mosset," 42 x 42 inches, 2008. Acrylic on canvas.

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